If you want to burn fats and have lean body mass, you can subscribe to a gym and do some compound workouts. However, this requires consistency and regular training. The only sure way to lose weight rapidly, have maximum endurance, and gain or maintain muscle mass is by taking a steroid supplement. Unlike other steroids whose side effects outweigh the benefits, winstrol has several advantages to the user.This article will discover if it is worth banking on stanozolol (Winstrol) steroid, the benefits it has over other steroids, and how to buy winstrol.

1. What is Winstrol?
2. How does Winstrol work?
3. Top 15 Winstrol Benefits in Bodybuilding
4. Winstrol Dosage
5. Winstrol Half-life
6. Winstrol Detection Time
7. Winstrol Cycle
8. Winstrol Post Cycle Treatment (PCT)
9. How Long Does It Take To See Winstrol Results?
10. Common Winstrol Side Effects
11. How to avoid Winstrol Side Effects
12. Winstrol Contraindications
13. Winstrol Homebrew
14. How to Buy Winstrol Online

1.What is Winstrol?

Description of Winstrol

You may have asked yourself, “What is winstrol and what does it do?” before arriving at this page. This post will tell you a lot more than you ever wanted to know.

Winstrol, also known as Stanozolol, is a synthetic steroid with anabolic and androgenic effects. This organic chemical compound has the CAS number 10418-03-8 in its raw form. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is the source of stanozolol. The 3-keto-aldehyde of oxymetholone is condensed with hydrazine during the winstrol manufacturing process.

Winstrol is available either as an oral or an injectable drug. It acts by initiating protein synthesis and accelerating muscle growth. Besides, most people stack it during the cutting cycle to achieve a shredded but masculine physique. The drug is prohibited in most countries including the U.S.A. FDA has catalogued it as a class III substance.

Despite exhibiting anabolic properties, winstrol also boasts some therapeutic uses. For instance, it can treat muscle-wasting diseases, stimulate the production of haemoglobin, and in the treatment of angioedema. Although stanozolol is only available under a genuine doctor’s prescription, you can still find Winstrol for sale in most online stores.

This drug is thrice anabolic as compared to testosterone. Being a C17-alpha alkylated steroid, the stanazolol has unique structural formation resulting from the modification of dihydrotestosterone hormone. For this reason, the substance is 10x anabolic than it is androgenic. Let’s see the specific rating:

  Winstrol  Testosterone
  Anabolic rating  320  100
  Androgenic rating  30  100

History

The history of Winstrol (Stanozolol) dates back to the 1950s when it was first developed by Winthrop Laboratories, a pharmaceutical company based in the United States. It was initially designed for medical use, primarily for the treatment of various medical conditions.

Winstrol was initially approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1962 for therapeutic purposes. It gained popularity as a prescription medication and was prescribed for a variety of conditions, including hereditary angioedema, anemia, muscle wasting diseases, and osteoporosis.

The anabolic properties of Winstrol were soon recognized, leading to its adoption in the world of athletics and bodybuilding. It became particularly popular among competitive athletes due to its potential to enhance performance and physical appearance.

What made Winstrol famous is the doping controversy it had during the 1980s Olympics. In the 1988 athletics, Ben Johnson won a gold medal when he topped in the 100M race. He set a new record by beating the outstanding American Olympian, Carl Lewis.

Despite being a victorious, world-class sprinter, Johnson was busted for having used Stanozolol to enhance his performance. Consequently, the authorities stripped off his medal and later suspended him from Olympics.

Today, Winstrol continues to be available as a prescription medication in some countries for specific medical conditions. However, its non-medical use remains a topic of concern due to potential side effects, misuse, and regulatory implications.

③Stanozolol Brand name:

  • Winstrol

As popular stanozolo brand names, Winstrol was originally developed and marketed by the pharmaceutical company Winthrop Laboratories for medical purposes. Over time, the drug’s uses have expanded beyond its initial medical use, becoming popular in the sports and bodybuilding community for its performance-enhancing effects.In the early 20th century, Winthrop Laboratories was recognized for its contributions to prescription and over-the-counter drugs. In 1994, Winthrop Laboratories was acquired by Stiefel Laboratories. In 2000, they were finally acquired by Pfizer.

As the well-known anabolic steroid, winstrol is now often used by bodybuilders to increase muscle mass. The commonly oral stanozolol dosage is 20 mg to 50 mg per day; injectable stanozolol dosage is 50 mg to 100 mg every 2 to 3 days.

  • Winny

Ciba-Geigy is a large Swiss multinational pharmaceutical company, founded in 1970 by the merger of two companies, Ciba and Geigy. Ciba-Geigy is known for developing a range of pharmaceutical products, including drugs for cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system diseases, and other therapeutic areas.

It also produced anabolic steroids such as stanozolol, which is sold under the brand name Winny. Both winny oral tablet and injection forms are availabe for Ciba-Geigy. The specification of oral tablets is 2 mg and 5 mg; The injection is usually available in a concentration of 50 mg/mL.

  • Stanazol

Stanazol is one of the anabolic steroid products produced by Balkan Pharmaceuticals, which can be used for both medical purposes and performance enhancement. Stanazol is available in both oral tablets and injections in Balkan Pharmaceuticals. The oral tablets are usually in 10 mg dose, while the injection is usually available in a 50 mg/ml concentration.

  • Stromba

Searle is a large American pharmaceutical company known for developing and marketing a range of prescription drugs and health products. For exapmle, drugs for cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal diseases, and antibiotics. However, many of Searle’s pharmaceutical assets and products were eventually inherited by Pfizer.

One of the most notable products in Searle is Stromba, which is an anabolic steroid containing stanozolol. Stromba is available in both oral and injectable forms and is used to enhance performance and build muscle.

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2.How does Winstrol Work?

Winstrol (Stanozolol) works in the body through a variety of processes. It binds to androgen receptors in target tissues such as muscle cells, fat cells, and bone cells after injection. This binding stimulates androgen receptors, triggering cellular processes that result in a variety of physiological outcomes. The activation of androgen receptors in muscle cells promotes protein synthesis, enhancing muscular mass and strength.

Winstrol also improves nitrogen retention, allowing for a positive nitrogen balance that is essential for muscle growth and recuperation. Winstrol stimulates the release of erythropoietin, which improves red blood cell formation while also improving endurance and lowering exhaustion during physical activity. It has anti-catabolic characteristics because it inhibits glucocorticoid hormones such as cortisol, which can tear down muscle tissue. Winstrol helps to preserve muscle mass and counteracts the effects of cortisol by antagonizing glucocorticoid receptors.

Winstrol also promotes collagen production, which helps with joint strength, injury prevention, and recovery from exercise-induced microtrauma. It may also interact with prostaglandins, which are hormone-like molecules involved in inflammation and blood flow regulation; however, further research is required to completely understand this relationship. These processes all contribute to Winstrol’s performance-enhancing effects in the body.

3.Top 15 Winstrol Benefits in Bodybuilding

Winstrol (Stanozolol) offers several benefits for bodybuilders due to its unique properties as an anabolic steroid. These benefits contribute to improved physique, performance, and overall athletic goals. Here are some of the notable advantages of Winstrol for bodybuilders.

Winstrol benefit 1: Increased Muscle Definition and Hardness

Winstrol is renowned for its ability to enhance muscle definition and hardness, giving a more chiseled and sculpted appearance. It helps eliminate excess water retention, resulting in a leaner and more defined physique.

Winstrol benefit 2: Enhanced Strength and Power​

Winstrol can significantly boost strength and power levels, allowing athletes and bodybuilders to perform at higher intensities during training sessions. This benefit is particularly valuable for explosive and strength-based activities.

Winstrol benefit 3: Improved Endurance and Stamina

Winstrol aids in increasing endurance and stamina, enabling individuals to sustain longer and more intense workout sessions without experiencing excessive fatigue. This benefit is especially valuable for endurance athletes and those engaged in prolonged physical activities.

Winstrol benefit 4: Promotion of Lean Muscle Mass

Winstrol has the ability to stimulate the growth of lean muscle tissue while minimizing water retention. This leads to a more muscular and well-defined physique with reduced body fat levels.

Winstrol benefit 5: Fat Loss and Body Composition Improvement

Winstrol can help promote fat loss by increasing metabolic rate and enhancing the body’s ability to burn stored fat for energy. It also helps preserve lean muscle mass during caloric deficits, which is crucial for achieving a more toned and sculpted appearance.

Winstrol benefit 6: Minimize Water Retention

Androgenic hormones present in anabolic steroids are the primary cause of sodium retention, hence, the tendency of the body to hold water. The more estrogenic the drugs are, the more water your body will retain. Besides, this side effect is tied to boating and hypertension.

So far, there are only three steroids that have the ability to minimize water retention with diuretic properties. These are stanozolol, anavar, and trenbolone. If you were to compare the benefits of Winstrol vs anavar, you’d realize that both have exclusive bodybuilding effects. However, Winny will help you gain more muscles than the other three steroids.

Winstrol benefit 7: Increased Red Blood Cell Production

Winstrol stimulates the production of red blood cells in the body. Elevated red blood cell count improves oxygen-carrying capacity, enhancing muscular endurance and delaying fatigue during intense physical activities.

Winstrol benefit 8: Boosted Collagen Synthesis and Joint Health

Winstrol has been reported to stimulate collagen synthesis, which is beneficial for joint health and recovery. This can improve joint strength and flexibility, reducing the risk of injuries and enhancing overall athletic performance.

Winstrol benefit 9: Reduced SHBG Levels and Enhanced Free Testosterone

Winstrol can lower Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) levels, which can bind to testosterone and limit its availability. By reducing SHBG, Winstrol helps increase the amount of free testosterone circulating in the body, which is crucial for muscle growth and performance.

Winstrol benefit 10: Improved Vascularity and Muscle Pumps

Winstrol can enhance vascularity, leading to more prominent veins and increased blood flow to the muscles during exercise. This results in better muscle pumps, improved nutrient delivery, and enhanced overall muscle fullness and appearance.

Winstrol benefit 11: Potential Boost in Metabolism

Winstrol has been reported to potentially boost the metabolism, leading to increased calorie expenditure and enhanced fat burning. This can be advantageous for individuals seeking to achieve a leaner physique and improve body composition.

Winstrol benefit 12: Enhanced Recovery and Reduced Muscle Fatigue

Winstrol may aid in post-workout recovery by reducing muscle fatigue and improving the body’s ability to repair damaged muscle tissue. This allows for more frequent and intense training sessions, leading to better overall progress.

Winstrol benefit 13: Improved Athletic Performance and Speed

Winstrol’s effects on strength, endurance, and power can contribute to improved athletic performance. Athletes involved in speed-based sports may benefit from the enhanced speed and agility that Winstrol can provide.

Winstrol benefit 14: Protection Against Muscle Wasting

Winstrol has shown potential in preventing muscle wasting or catabolism, especially during periods of caloric restriction or intense training. It helps preserve lean muscle mass, ensuring that the body utilizes fat stores instead.

Winstrol benefit 15: Potential Positive Effect on Bone Density

Some studies suggest that Winstrol may have a positive impact on bone density, potentially increasing bone strength and reducing the risk of osteoporosis. This benefit is particularly relevant for athletes and bodybuilders engaged in high-impact activities.

If we were to discuss all the winstrol benefits, I think we shall require a whole book. Some more advantages include boosting the bone density, strengthening the tendons and ligaments, and producing a hard but vascular appearance.

4.Winstrol Dosage

Winstrol gives you the versatility to choose between an oral or injectable dosage. Both of them feature stanozolol as the active hormone with C17-aa steroids. The right time to administer the drug is before or during a meal.

The appropriate Winstrol (Stanozolol) dosage can vary depending on factors such as individual goals, experience level, gender, and overall health. It is important to note that Winstrol usage should always be conducted under the supervision of a healthcare professional and in compliance with legal and ethical guidelines. The following dosage information serves as a general guideline, but individual circumstances may require adjustment.

  Winstrol Dosage  Men (Oral)  Women (Oral)  Men (Injectable)  Women   (Injectable)
  Typical Range  25-50mg/day  5-10mg/day  50-100mg every   other day or     every day  20-30mg every   other day or     every third day
  Experienced              Users  50-100mg/day  N/A  100-150mg              every other day  N/A

5.Winstrol Half-life

The half-life of Winstrol (Stanozolol) depends on the form of administration.

For oral Winstrol, the reported half-life is approximately 9 hours. This means that it takes approximately 9 hours for half of the Winstrol dosage to be eliminated from the body.

For injectable Winstrol, the half-life is typically reported to be around 24 hours. This means that it takes approximately 24 hours for half of the Winstrol dosage to be cleared from the system.

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6.Winstrol Detection Time

Winstrol detection time is different for different detection methods. Here are some common detection methods:

Urine Testing

For urine testing, Winstrol can typically be detected for up to 2 weeks after the last dose. However, in some cases, it may be detectable for a slightly longer period, especially with higher doses or prolonged use.

Blood Testing

In blood tests, Winstrol is detectable for a shorter duration compared to urine. It can typically be detected for up to 48 hours after the last administration. However, the detection window may be shorter if the individual has a fast metabolism.

Athletic Doping Tests

In sports drug testing, the detection time for Winstrol can vary depending on the sensitivity of the testing methods used. Generally, Winstrol can be detected in urine samples for approximately 2 weeks to a month after the last use.

7.Winstrol Cycle

A 6-week oral Winstrol cycle at a daily dosage of 20-50mg is recommended for beginners, with side effects closely monitored.  Intermediate users can choose a 6-week cycle of oral Winstrol at a daily dosage of 40-80mg. A 6-8 week Winstrol cycle with a maximum dosage of 100mg per day may be considered by advanced users.

In addition, advanced users frequently stack Winstrol with other steroids (testosterone or other substances) to achieve heir aims. For example, to counteract testosterone suppression, stack Winstrol with a testosterone ester at a dose of 250-500mg per week; For reducing cycles, stacking with Trenbolone is typical.

  Winstrol Cycle  Beginner  Intermediate  Advanced
  Cycle Length  6 weeks  6 weeks  6-8 weeks
  Winstrol Dosage  20mg-50mg/day  40mg-80mg/day  Up to 100mg/day   (progressive   increase)
  Testosterone Ester  250-500mg/week   Testosterone   Enanthate  150mg/eod   Testosterone   Propionate  250mg/eod   Testosterone   Enanthate
  Other Steroids  None  400mg/week   Equipoise,   75mg/eod   Trenbolone Acetate  200mg/eod   Equipoise,   100mg/eod   Trenbolone Acetate
  AI (Arimidex)  0.5mg/eod  0.5mg/eod  1mg/day

It is important to note that the information provided above is for general guidance and informational purposes only. The use of Winstrol or any other anabolic steroid should always be approached with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare professional or qualified steroid expert. Individual needs, health considerations, and so on should be taken into account when planning and implementing a Winstrol cycle.

8.Winstrol Post Cycle Treatment (PCT)

Because Winstrol reduces your natural testosterone production, one of the main goals of your PCT is to re-establish natural hormone function, both to maintain the gains and body fat reductions you made throughout your cycle and for your overall health.

Due to the short half life of this steroid, it is best to begin PCT within 12 hours following the end of a Winstrol cycle. However, because Winstrol is rarely used as a standalone steroid, the other steroid compounds in your cycle will likely determine when you start PCT and which drugs you use, as most other steroids are aromatizing and it is the effects of the other steroids, rather than Winstrol, that you will be attempting to reverse during your PCT cycle.

Nolvadex PCT is a viable PCT option for milder steroid cycles. It aids in the restoration of your normal hormone function while posing little chance of unwanted effects. A four-week Nolvadex cycle of 40mg daily for the first two weeks, followed by 20mg daily for the final two weeks, will get your natural testosterone and other hormones back on track and operating as they were before your steroid cycle.

9.Timelines for Seeing Winstrol Results

When starting a cycle of Stanozolol (Winstrol), the effects begin to take place immediately. However, visible changes in the physique typically occur during the second week. By the 14th day of the cycle, you can expect to see noticeable differences that may leave you pleasantly surprised when comparing winstrol before and after images.

Here is a breakdown of what you can expect during a 6-8 week cycle of Winstrol

  • Week 1: No observable changes, but the body may begin shedding excess water weight.
  • Week 2: Noticeable fat loss accompanied by improved strength.
  • Week 4: Increased vascularity and maximum strength gains.
  • Week 6: Well-defined muscular appearance with a reduction in body fat and improved overall performance.

It’s important to note that while Winstrol can contribute to improved results, it is not a magic solution on its own. To achieve a ripped, muscular, and shredded physique, it is essential to focus on other aspects such as diet, nutrition, and a well-rounded exercise regime.

Check out some takeaway tips on how to enjoy winstrol bodybuilding results

  • Be consistent and regular with your workouts to promote natural muscle gain.
  • Avoid fast food burgers and meals high in sugar and fat.
  • Limit alcohol consumption, as it can have negative effects on liver health.
  • Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day.
  • Incorporate vitamin C-rich foods like citrus fruits into your diet.
  • Include cardio exercises in your workout routine to enhance fat burning.
  • Make green vegetables your ally and include them in your meals for added nutrients and fiber.( 12 15 26 )↗Trusted SourcePubMed CentralHighly respected database from the National Institutes of Health
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10.Common Winstrol Side Effects

The consequences of using Winstrol varies from one person to the next due to hormonal differences. Experiencing anabolic steroids side effects is as sure as death, but you can reduce the risks by not exceeding the dosage and going for a short cycle. Here are some common side effects:

  • Testosterone suppression especially during the post cycle stage
  • Hair loss
  • Acne
  • An increase in the level of bad cholesterol, hence, spiking up the risks of strokes or heart attacks
  • Liver toxicity
  • Insomnia
  • Joint pain due to the dryness caused by the low levels of synovial fluid
  • Depression after the cycle
  • Short-lived results, which lasts for about four weeks
  • Aggression
  • Virilization among the female users
  • Premature epiphyseal maturation

11.How to Avoid Winstrol Side Effects

Use cholesterol supplementation

Even if your heart is healthy, make sure to do some frequent check-ups. One more important step is to incorporate the minerals with good HDL cholesterol in your diet. For example, fish oil is among the most accessible supplements for managing this winstrol side effect.

Boost your testosterone levels

Low levels of testosterone occur during the post cycle period when the natural production of this hormone is shut down. The sure way to deal with this side effect is by including some testosterone supplementation within the last two weeks of the cycle.

Liver cleansers

Supplements like TUDCA, Liv-52, NAC, or milk thistle will be protective of your liver.

Post cycle treatment (PCT)

Usually, androgenic steroids and all other artificial hormones will take 2 – 3 weeks to clear in your system. During this period, you should go through drug therapy to offset and stabilize your hormonal level. For example, using either Nolvadex or clomid will restore the production of testosterone.The PCT duration varies between two to four weeks.

12.Winstrol Contraindications

  • Pregnant women
  • Active athletes
  • Victims of prostate and breast carcinomas
  • Individualswith hypersensitivity to steroids
  • Children and adolescents

13.Winstrol Homebrew

Winstrol oral tablets or injection vials are relatively expensive on the market. In order to save more money, many bodybuilders choose to make Winstrol homebrew. Making high-purity Winstrol yourself is a complicated process. For the approximate steps, please refer to “How to Make Finished Testosterone Cypionate From Raw Steroid Powders” . The following are common Winstrol recipes for reference:

Winstrol 40ml @25mg/ml

Winstrol powder: 1g

190 Proof Grain Alcohol: 31.2ml

PEG 300: 7.5ml

Winstrol 100ml @50mg/ml

Benzyl benzoate:24ml (24%)

Polysorbate 80:3ml (3%)

Distilled water: 62.5ml

Benzyl alcohol: 3ml (3%)

It is worth noting that Winstrol homebrew should comply with local laws and regulations and be carried out under the supervision of professionals.

14.Buying Winstrol Online

The use of anabolic steroids is prohibited in the majority of states. As a result, finding winstrol for sale is difficult unless you travel to other nations where its use is authorized. In the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Canada, for example, it is illegal to possess, use, or distribute any steroid. However, the medicine is only available with a legitimate doctor’s prescription.

  • Purchase Winstrol Legally

Winstrol is exclusively available on the black market due to the restrictions it carries. You can obtain what you want through covert marketplaces, but your odds of receiving original things are slim.

Consider the injectable version of Winny, which is in an aqueous state. The solution may include bacteria and diseases unless it is generated in a clean and sterile setting. As a result, you should take the initiative to locate a legitimate lab.Checking in at some online retailers, on the other hand, can be a great idea.

  • Winstrol Purchase Online

The only sure way to purchase high-quality human-grade stanozolol is through online shopping. You could have gone to buy the drug on other states who care less about steroid prohibition, but this seems to be complicated. In Mexico, for example, the laws governing the use of anabolic steroids are so amicable to their citizens.

Steroid-sarm is the professional manufacturer of Winstrol powder which has independent lab and large factory as support, all production will be carried out under CGMP regulation and trackable quality control system. The supply system is stable, both retail and wholesale orders are acceptable.Welcome to learn more information about Steroid-Sarm!

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Author of this article:

Dr. Monique Hong graduated from UK Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine

Scientific Journal paper Author:

1. Seyed Ali Hosseini
Department of Sport Physiology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad  University, Marvdasht, Iran

2. Lixin Zheng
Teacher Education College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China

3. Mario Thevis
Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany

4. Eren Ozcagli
Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Istanbul, Turkey

5.Xin Liu

National Anti-Doping Laboratory, China Anti-Doping Agency, Beijing, 100029, PR China

In no way does this doctor/scientist endorse or advocate the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. Steroid-sarm has no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, with this physician. The purpose of citing this doctor is to acknowledge, acknowledge and commend the exhaustive research and development work done by the scientists working on this substance.

References

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[2] Ampuero J, García ES, Lorenzo MM, Calle R, Ferrero P, Gómez MR. Stanozolol-induced bland cholestasis. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;37:71–72. doi: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2013.09.009.

[3] Bausserman LL, Saritelli AL, Herbert PN. Effects of short-term stanozolol administration on serum lipoproteins in hepatic lipase deficiency. Metabolism. 1997;46:992–996. doi: 10.1016/S0026-0495(97)90267-5.

[4] Hansma P, Diaz FJ, Njiwaji C. Fatal liver cyst rupture due to anabolic steroid use: A case presentation. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2016;37:21–22. doi: 10.1097/PAF.0000000000000218.

[5] El-Serag HB, Kramer J, Duan Z, Kanwal F. Racial differences in the progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV-infected veterans. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109:1427–1435. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2014.214.

[6] Harkin KR, Cowan LA, Andrews GA, Basaraba RJ, Fischer JR, DeBowes LJ, Roush JK, Guglielmino ML, Kirk CA. Hepatotoxicity of stanozolol in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2000;217:681–684. doi: 10.2460/javma.2000.217.681.

[7] Stimac D, Milić S, Dintinjana RD, Kovac D, Ristić S. Androgenic/anabolic steroid-induced toxic hepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2002;35:350–352. doi: 10.1097/00004836-200210000-00013.

[8] Büttner A, Thieme D. Side effects of anabolic androgenic steroids: Pathological findings and structure-activity relationships. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2010;195:459–484. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-79088-4_19.

[9] Xu Y, Goldkorn A. Telomere and telomerase therapeutics in cancer. Genes (Basel) 2016;7:E22. doi: 10.3390/genes7060022.

[10] Zhou X, Zhu H, Lu J. PTEN and hTERT gene expression and the correlation with human hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract. 2015;211:316–319. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.11.016.

[11] Wojtyla A, Gladych M, Rubis B. Human telomerase activity regulation. Mol Biol Rep. 2011;38:3339–3349. doi: 10.1007/s11033-010-0439-x.

[12] OECD . Guidance document on the recognition, assessment, and use of clinical signs as humane endpoints for experimental animals used in safety evaluation. OECD; Paris: 2000.

[13] Zar T, Graeber C, Perazella MA. Recognition, treatment, and prevention of propylene glycol toxicity. Semin Dial. 2007;20:217–219. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2007.00280.x.

[14] Akincilar SC, Unal B, Tergaonkar V. Reactivation of telomerase in cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2016;73:1659–1670. doi: 10.1007/s00018-016-2146-9.

[15] Jungermann K, Kietzmann T. Zonation of parenchymal and nonparenchymal metabolism in liver. Annu Rev Nutr. 1996;16:179–203. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nu.16.070196.001143.

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